Barb Wilkie's EHN Website
Last updated 2008

EHN Board President Barb Wilkie was very ill from chemically-induced kidney disease for several years. She passed away May 31, 2011. EHN presents this site both as a tribute and as valuable information. Many links and references will be out of date but Barb's research holds up over time. We will be transferring the site page by page, with updated details, to EHN's main site. If you would like to reach an EHN staff person, please contact us directly.

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Nails | National... | NTP | Natural | Nature's Country Store

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N

NAET
http://www.naet.com/

 

  • The NAHB Research Center is a wholly-owned, not-for-profit
    subsidiary of the National Association of Home Builders (NAHB)
    http://www.nahbrc.org/

     

     

    Nails
    Also see
    Beauty Salons - http://ehnca.org/www/ehnlinx/b.htm#Beauty

    Skin - http://ehnca.org/www/ehnlinx/s.htm#Skin

     

    N.A.I.N -- National Antimicrobial Information Network

    Jean Nandi's Homepage



    NAPHTHALENE
    Found in moth balls and toilet bowl deodorizers. May be carcinogenic. -- barb
    http://www.epa.gov/grtlakes/seahome/housewaste/house/naphthal.htm


    • National
  • National Academies Press
    http://www.nap.edu/

     

  • National Academy of Sciences (NAS)
    Mailing address: NAS; 2101 Constitution Avenue, NW; Washington, DC 20418
    http://www4.nas.edu/nas/nashome.nsf

    • About NAS
      http://www4.nas.edu/nas/nashome.nsf/WebLink/AboutNAS?OpenDocument

    • Created in 1863
      "The National Academy of Sciences was created in 1863 by a congressional charter
      approved by President Abraham Lincoln. Under this charter, the National Academy
      of Engineering was established in 1964 and the Institute of Medicine in 1970."
      http://www.nationalacademies.org/about/faq2.html

       

    • Institute of Medicine (IOM)(an arm of NAS)
      "Study Finds Strong Evidence That Exposure to Some Indoor Substances
      Can Lead to or Worsen Asthma"

      "... For biologic or chemical contaminants that could worsen asthma symptoms,
      limited or suggestive evidence exists regarding exposure to material shed by domestic
      birds; certain types of pneumonia and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV); secondhand
      tobacco
      smoke in older children and adults; formaldehyde fumes from furniture and
      building materials; and fragrances in personal care and household products
      [emphasis added, bw]. The committee found limited evidence of an association
      between the development of asthma in infants and their exposure to RSV and material
      shed by cockroaches. ..."
      http://www4.nationalacademies.org/news.nsf/isbn/0309064961?OpenDocument

        RSV
        From what I've been able to gather, the sites below are encouraging you to buy drugs.

        A couple of links follow, but I'm appalled to find not one word about avoiding all petrochemically
        scented products made for personal care, as well as household and janitorial cleaning and
        maintenance. According to the US Dept. Of Interior, truly GREEN products "must not have
        petrochemical-derived fragrances." There is sound reason for that! As you aren't informed by the
        FDA of the harmful effects of modern fragrances, do your own investigation and then start
        asking your store to carry products that are truly free of fragrance. By the way, just because a
        product has on its label, "fragrance-free" or "unscented" doesn't mean it is. Our FDA allows
        such products to carry petrochemnically derived scents to use to mask other objectionable ordors.
        Fragrances are known irritants and sensitizers. They affect the upper and lower
        respiratory system. Once inflammed and mucous production is underway, you are more
        susceptible to illness. Practice the PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE! -- barb

        RSV Info Center
        http://www.rsvinfo.com/index.html

        RSVprotection.com
        http://www.rsvprotection.com/index.html

    • Multiple Chemical Sensitivities: Addendum to Biologic Markers in
      Immunotoxicology (1992 [Workshop with EPA])
      (From National Academy Press Open Book; this is a large file)
      http://books.nap.edu/books/0309047366/html/index.html



    • Nat'l Academy of Sciences (NAS) Health and Medicine Links & excerpted Report
      http://www4.nas.edu:80/WWWCAT.NSF/6915c97fa431d8ec852564e400699f05?OpenView

    • NAS report:Neurotoxins: At Home and the Workplace
      Testimony before the 99th US Congress, 1986 Keyed in by barb, typos may happen. Check that date folks!!! BTW, I've not been able to find this entire document online,
      but it was made available to me by Julia Kendall and it is available through the UC Berkeley
      Library. I will key in footnotes, only where they are important in explaining something. -- barb
      From page 4, middle:
        "Modern neurotoxins are of surprising variety and potency. Solvents found in both
        consumer and industrial products, such as toluene and vinyl chloride, are not only
        nuerotoxic, but can be addictive and induce intentional drug abuse. Methylene chloride
        -- an excellent solvent and paint stripper -- breaks down in the body into carbon
        monoxide, a potent indirect neurotoxin. Ironically, methylene chloride is now widely
        used in aerosols as a substitute for fluorocarbons that were suspected of damaging
        the earth's ozone layer. (20)"

        "(20) - On December 18, 1985, the Food and Drug Administration published in the
        Federal Register a proposed rule banning methylene chloride in aerosol cosmetic
        products, but allowing its use to make decaffeinated coffee. See 50 F.R. 51551."

      From page 5, top:

        "Musk AETT(23) and Musk ambrette, two tested raw materials of the hundreds of
        untested chemicals used in fragrances and flavors have demonstrated potent neurotoxic
        effects and the capacity to induce the breakdown of nerve cells and myelin sheath in
        the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. Countless other substances applied
        daily to the skin of consumers in the form of soaps, perfumes, aftershaves, and
        detergents have yet to be tested for their chronic neurotoxic effects.

        "In all, there are 850 known neurotoxic chemicals. Regulatory standards exist or have
        been recommended for only 167 of these

        "(23) - AETT is acetyl ethyl tetramethyl tetralin"
        The other notes make sense only if you have the document before you so I've not included them. -- barb

      From page 9, middle
      [Information regarding undereducated doctors; hopefully this is less true today. -- barb]

        "Mr. Volkmer *** [I]t appears from your testimony that most of the physicians out there
        [who] would normally be treating people who are getting sick and coming in are not
        really trained to make a dertermination as to the neurotoxic effects of chemicals or
        any other compounds; is that correct?"
           *   *   *
        "Dr. Spencer. There are remarkably few individuals who have toxicology training in medicine
        and who are sensitized to the possible problem of neurological effects, behavioral effects,
        psychiatric effects resulting from occupational exposure.         They are well aware that this
        can occur as the side effects of drugs, but they, for some reason, don't put two and two
        together, nor do they ask searching questions about exposure history, chemical
        exposure history, when a patient turns up in their office.

        "The astute pjysician may, indeed ask what the occupation is and the more astute physician
        will go in perhaps and find out exactly what the individual was exposed to, but, by and large,
        physicians are not trained to search the history in the way that they should." ...

      From page 13, starting near top

        "Several witnesses at the hearing testified as to the need to coordinate health research
        efforts among and within government agencies Some agencies, like the National
        Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the National Institute of
        Neurological and Communicative and Stroke (NINCS), and the National Institute of
        Aging (NIA) have expressed special concern regarding the relationship between
        neurotoxic exposure and disease. Yet, other agencies, such as the FDA, are, according
        to Dr. Spencer, 'reluctant' to take the subject of neurotoxins seriously

        " Dr. Spencer illustrated this point through the story of the cosmetic AETT. In that case,
        industry scientists, assisted by Dr. Spencer, demonstrated that this fragrance compound
        was, in fact, neurotoxic. Industry took the test results to FDA and voluntarily
        withdrew AETT from the market. However, as Dr. Spencer testified ' ... it is significant,
        I think, that FDA, as far as I'm aware, choose [sic] not to regulate on that particular
        compound, so it can be introduced at any future time.'

        "Finally, the witnesses on health effects were asked by Chairman Volkmer to prioritize
        those chemicals which should be examined for neurotoxicity:

          DR. WEISS I think the dominant chemicals would be heavy metals, solvents, and allied
          chemical classes, insecticides, and I think, important but neglected, food additives. ... Also, certain
          air pollutants.
             *   *   *
          [And here folks, is the information on fragrance chemicals. Remember, it was 1986! -- barb]

          DR. SPENCER. I would support what Dr. Weiss has said. I wouldn't be so restrictive
          perhaps a [sic] to say insecticides, perhaps pesticides and fungicides, a broader category.

          "I would also add, because of my experience with regard to fragrance raw materials, that I
          strongly suspect the American public would like to know what is applied to their skin voluntarily,
          and I suspect that they would be very troubled to learn that for 50 and 30 years
          respectively agents have been applied to skin voluntarily, often under the guise that they
          are in fact improving their skin quality, but are able to penetrate skin, and a recent
          experiment with animals caused devastating changes in the pervious system. So I would
          like to add fragrance raw materials, some of which are food additives as well, to the
          list that Dr. Weiss offered. (Emphasis added.)"

        From page 14, starting near top
          "The testimony regarding the status of research into and understanding of the effects
          of neurotoxins was summarized by Dr. Spencer:
            "In summary, chemical substances with neurotoxic potential are legion. The
            majority of neurotoxic disease probably results from the side effects of therapeutic and abused
            drugs, including alcohol, although numerous examples of environmental espidemics, industrial
            accidents, and ill-advised consumpiton of purified chemicals have caused large numbers of
            individuals to develop overt neurological deficits.             These probably represent the tip of
            the iceberg since more subtle neurotoxic changes go unrecognized.

            "We are ignorant of long-term effects of substances with neurotoxic potential added to food,
            present in skin care products or used in the workplace.             (Emphasis added.)"

             

          There is ever so much more in this document! Words cannot describe how I feel about this
          report having been ignored. Industry money not only talks, it yells! -- barb
    National Animal Poison Control Center,
    National Association of Manufacturers (NAM)
    (industry lobby group -- barb)
    http://www.nam.org/

    National Association of the Physically Handicapped
    http://www.naph.net/

     

    "The National Association of State Jury Verdict Publishers (NASJVP) is an organization of publishers of Jury Verdict Summaries from throughout the United States. These Publishers collect detailed Civil Litigation information directly from the attorneys who tried the cases, then write concise summaries, which are used by attorneys and insurers for case evaluation." http://www.juryverdicts.com/

    National Center for Environmental Health Strategies, Inc., The (NCEHS)

    National Coalition of the Chemically Injured
    2400 Virginia Avenue NW, Suite C507; Washington, DC 20037


    National Coalition for the Chemically Injured
    http://www.n-i.com/NCchem/ncci.htm

    National Education Association
    http://helpfrom.nea.org/esp/resource/iaq.htm



    The National Environmental Health Association
    http://www.neha.org/

     

    National Environmental Justice Advisory Council (NEJAC)
    http://www.ttclients.com/nejac/announce.htm

     

    • RESOLUTION ON MULTIPLE CHEMICAL SENSITIVITY
      http://ehnca.org/www/ehnhompg/thnejac1.htm

       

    • MULTIPLE CHEMICAL SENSITIVITY = AN ENVIRONMENTAL INJUSTICE
      Environmental Medicine
      "The following letter is eloquently written by Irene Wilkenfeld to the National
      Environmental Justice Advisory Council (NEJAC). It addresses many of the issues which
      confront those with Multiple Chemical Sensitivities (a.k.a. MCS or Environmental Illness)."
      http://breakoutwebsolutions.com/NEWAH3EM/Irenepg.htm

       

    National Environmental Policy Commission
    http://www.ebp.musc.edu

  • National Environmental Trust
    http://www.environet.org

    The National Foundation for the Treatment of Pain
    http://www.paincare.org/frames/default2.asp?Top=../top2.htm&Main=../main_menu/main.htm

    The National Environmental Research Institute (NERI)
    is a research institute in the Ministry of Environment and Energy, Denmark.
    http://www.dmu.dk/1_english/default.asp

     

      About The National Environmental Research Institute The National Environmental Research Institute is an independent research institute
      that conducts research on, monitors and advises on nature and the environment in
      Denmark and Greenland.
      http://www.mem.dk/organisation/ukorg/ukdmu.htm

       

    National Environmental Respiratory Center, The (NERC )
    http://www.nercenter.org/whatis.htm

    National Institute for the Environment

    National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS)
    See EHN's Government Links, page N at
    http://ehnca.org/ehnglnx2.htm#NIEHS

    National Parent Teachers Association (NPTA)

    National Public Radio (NPR)


  • National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals
    http://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/

     

  • National Safety Council
    http://www.nsc.org/

     

  • National Strategies for Health Care Providers: Pesticides Initiative
    "The Federal Interagency Planning Committee is responsible for oversight of the National Strategies for Health Care Providers: Pesticides Initiative. Members include representatives of: US Environmental Protection Agency
    US Department of Health and Human Services US Department of Labor
    US Department of Agriculture
    The National Envirnmental Education & Training Foundation
    Taken from their published 12-page booklet, Health Care & Pesticides - Improving Education and Practice -- barb
    http://www.neetf.org

     

  • NTP (National Toxicology Program)
    http://ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov/

     

    Native American

    Natural

    NOTE: EHN does not endorse nor recommend any product. This is informational only.
    Listen to your own body, check with your own professional services. -- barb

  • NATURAL and the FDA
    • Animal Food Labeling Requirements
      TITLE 21--FOOD AND DRUGS
      SUBCHAPTER E - ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS
      PART 501 ANIMAL FOOD LABELING
      Subpart B -- Specific Animal Food Labeling Requirements -- Revised April 1, 2004
      (3) "... The term natural flavor or natural flavoring means the essential oil, oleoresin, essence
      or extractive, protein hydrolysate, distillate, or any product of roasting, heating or
      enzymolysis, which contains the flavoring constituents derived from a spice, fruit or fruit
      juice, vegetable or vegetable juice, edible yeast, herb, bark, bud, root, leaf or similar
      plant material, meat, seafood, poultry, eggs, dairy products, or fermentation
      products thereof, whose significant function in food is flavoring rather than nutritional.
      Natural flavors, include the natural essence or extractives obtained from plants listed
      in subpart A of part 582 of this chapter, and the substances listed in ß 172.510 of this
      chapter. ... "
      http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=501&showFR=1&subpartNode=21:6.0.1.1.2.2

      The same paragraph as above, can be found for people too!

    • TITLE 21--FOOD AND DRUGS
      CHAPTER I--FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION
      DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
      SUBCHAPTER B - FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION -- Revised April 1, 2004
      http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=101.22

      From

    • Cosmetic Safety: More Complex Than at First Blush by Dori Stehlin
      " ... What's 'Natural'?
      "Like hypoallergenic, "natural" can mean anything to anybody.
      " 'There are no standards for what natural means,' says Bailey. 'They could wave a
      tube [of plant extract] over the bottle and declare it natural. Who's to say what they're
      actually using?' "
      http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/cos-safe.html

       

    • What guidance does the FDA have for Natural-Organic?
      " The term 'natural' has not been defined in FDA's law (the Federal Food, Drug, and
      Cosmetic Act) or in FDA's regulations. "
      Source: USDA Agricultural Marketing Service, August 2001
      http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/qa-ind7f.html

       

  • "Natural" cosmetics that itch
    http://www.mst.dk/depa/denv/issue2/perfume/fakta2.htm

     

  • Natural gas
  • Natural gas and people with allergies and chemical sensitivities: a special risk group
    http://www.geocities.com/RainForest/6847/report1.html

  • Natural Health Awareness
    Toll Free: 1-888-339-6600
    E-Mail: BrandeMcCree@NaturalHealthAwareness.com

     

  • Natural Health and Longevity Resource Center
    http://www.all-natural.com/index.html

  • Natural Health Magazine
    http://www.naturalhealthmag.com/

     

  • Natural Home
    • Earth inspired living
      http://www.naturalhomemagazine.com/living-articles/index.html

       

    • Stroke of Brilliance
      by Linda Ligon; May-June 2001 issue
      "Fresh paint. It speaks of air, light, color. It¼s one of the easiest ways to
      transform a tired room, to create a new mood, to celebrate summer. Fresh
      paint--can¼t you just smell it? That¼s the problem. ..."
      http://www.naturalhomemagazine.com/current-issues/archive/2001/mayjune01/brilliance.htm

      Natural Home Magazine
      http://www.naturalhomemag.com/

       

    • Natural Law Party
      http://www.natural-law.org

    • Natural Moods
      Provides information on modern synthetic scents. -- barb
      http://www.naturalmoods.com

       

       

    • The Natural Place - Environmental Residence and Hotel
      For People With Multiple Chemical Sensitivities (MCS)       Located in Florida. -- barb
      http://www.thenaturalplace.com/

       

    • Natural Products Industry (NPI)


      Natural Resources Defense Council
      http://www.NRDC.org/

      The Natural Step Newsletters
      http://www.naturalstep.org.uk/pa.html

      Natural Way Soapworks
      http://www.localaccess.com/NaturalWaySoap/

      Natural Water Environments
      Endorsed by the American Environmental Health Foundation (www.aehf.com)
      http://www.natural-water-env.com/

       

    • NaturalDetox.com
      http://www.naturaldetox.com/index.html

       

      The Nature Conservancy

      Nature Conservation Council of NSW (NCC)
      New South Wales, Australia.
      http://www.nccnsw.org.au/

       

    • Nature's Country Store
      http://www.naturescountrystore.com Naturopathy and Environmental Medicine in the 21st Century
      By Walter J. Crinnion ND
      from WellnessWeb.com
      http://www.wellnessweb.com/ALTERN/Environment/naturopathy.htm

    • Proceedings of NAS
      http://www.pnas.org/



      The Nature Conservancy
      http://www.tnc.org/


      Naturodoc
      http://www.naturodoc.com/

       

      • STATEMENT FROM THE WORK SESSION ON
        ENVIRONMENTAL ENDOCRINE-DISRUPTING CHEMICALS:
        NEURAL, ENDOCRINE, AND BEHAVIORAL
        (The importance of these issues and the credibility of these scientists
        puts a priority on this report for all of our lives
        http://www.naturodoc.com/endodisrupto.htm
      N.E.E.D.S. (National Ecological and Environmental Delivery System)
        http://www.needs.com/

        Call today to ask for their comprehensive catalog.
        fon:1.800.634.1380
        fax:1.315.488.6336
        NEEDS, Inc.
        PO Box 580
        E. Syracuse, NY 13057


      Nerve Agents



    • Nervous System, The Human
      http://www.hubin.org/facts/brain/texts/nervous_systems_en.html

      Net 4 TV -- More Informed Choices: Fragrance Testing
      Barbara Wilkie (August 1, 1999)
      http://net4tv.com/voice/story.cfm?STORYID=1111

      Neti pot
      Just a little info for those seeking possible solutions . . . -- barb

      Netiquette Home Page


      Neuro / Neurotoxin / Neurotoxicity

      Read neurotoxicity, think fragrances. Not that all the chemicals that are used to concoct
      fragrances are neurotoxins, but most people who wear and use fragrances never give the
      chemical composition a minute's thought. Those of us who have already become debilitated or
      disabled by scents used by others know of the devastaing effects these chemical soups can have
      after long-term exposure, many of us live with their systemic effects. But industry and our
      government agencies are not THOROUGHLY testing fragrances. The industry's primary focus
      has been for the skin effects of the primary user. Excuse me, but these products are made to
      be inhaled (smelled), so what's wrong with a little "thorough" testing that includes effects via the
      respiratory system of users and non-users? It is a time to say goodbye to the creed, Never
      Measure, Never Manage. OR, start sharing with the public the information you do have that
      shows we've reason to be concerned. IF the products are as safe as we've been assured, then
      certainly the information is worthy of sharing.

      By the way, don't think only of the neurotoxins when you smell or use fragrances, for there are
      some chemicals used that are known irritants and sensitizers, and some are known or suspected
      carcinogens (capable of causing cancer), teratogens (capable of adversely affecting developing
      embryos and fetuses), and hormone disrupters (like the phthalates), which can adversely affect
      men's sperm and developing male babies. -- barb

      • 90-day dermal toxicity study and neurotoxicity evaluation of nitromusks
        in the albino rat.
        Ford RA, Api AM, Newberne PM.
        Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632.
        A 90-day skin test by RIFM! Wow, am I impressed?!? What about absorbing musks through.
        long-term use? What are the effects of user and non-user nhaling musks? Musks found .
        stored in breast tissue and "downstream" in mother's milk? Musks found downstream in.
        wastewater, adversely affecting fish and wildlife? What about some REAL studies? Let's see .
        some of that "sound science" demanded of us who are already sick -- our concerns are cavalierly.
        dismissed as "JUST ANECDOTAL" evidence. Let's put the burden of proof where it belongs:.
        ON THE INDUSTRY. How about it RIFM? Where are the REAL studies?-- barb
      • Acute toxic effects of fragrance products.
        Author/s: Rosalind C. Anderson
        Archives of Environmental Health; March-April, 1998
        http://www.geocities.com/fragranceallergy/AcuteToxicEffectsOf.html

        Also see Anderson Laboratories
        PO Box 323, West Hartford, Vermont 05084
        Telephone 802 295 7344; Email jharca@hotmail.com
        http://www.geocities.com/fragranceallergy/AcuteToxicEffectsOf.html


      • The Canadian Neurotoxicity Information Network
        "Neurotoxicity is described as an adverse change in the structure or function of the
        nervous system following exposure to a chemical agent, (1)." http://www3.sympatico.ca/cnin/

        or: http://www3.sympatico.ca/cnin/index.html#web

         

        • Doctor's Corner
          "The World Health Organization reports that, "Most importantly, all patient
          assessments should involve input from a team of health professionals with expertise
          in neurotoxicology", (1). These include neurotoxicologist's, neuropsychologist's and
          other medical professions with expertise in environmental and occupational toxicology.

          This section will deal mostly with reference material to help M.D.'s understand and
          to provide supportive medical literature. If any physician who visits this website, still
          has lingering doubts about the validity of this disease, it will be comforting for you to
          know, that neurotoxicity from neurotoxic chemicals has now been firmly established, (2).
          http://www3.sympatico.ca/cnin/docs.html

          Toxicity Definitions
          http://www3.sympatico.ca/cnin/docs.html#defin

           

      • Chem-Tox
        http://www.chem-tox.com/

         

        • Environmental Causes of Learning Disabilities and Child Neurological Disorders
          Review of the Research
          Author: Richard W. Pressinger (M.Ed.)
          Project Supervisor - Professor Kofi Marfo (Ph.D.), Special Education Department,
          University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida
          email: research@chem-tox.com
          http://www.chem-tox.com/pregnancy/learning_disabilities.htm

          And, I quote from their moving text at top of page . . . please take note:
          The human brain begins growing at the incredible rate of over 4000 brain cells per second
          begining in the 4th week of pregnancy.

          However -
          The research clearly shows many consumer products contain petroleum chemicals that can
          weaken or harm this delicate brain growth process."

          This information comes up as an image of a fetus of just 10 weeks appears in the black rectangle.
          Visitors to EHN's site know that there are 3,000 to 5,000 inadequately tested chemicals used in
          the manufacture of fragrances. Be sure to visit the analyses that support EHN's FDA
          Citizen's Petition 99P-1340          . Then write to the FDA and your representative and senators!
          Without your efforts, it will be business as usual and it will be the future generations paying a
          supreme price. Next, while you are at it, thank Chem-Tox folks for their site!-- barb

        • Perfume and Fragrance Exposure During Pregnancy
          Links to Learning Disabilities, ADD and Behavior Disorders
          On this page, you'll also read:
          Fragrance Exposure Causes Aggression Hyperactivity and Nerve Damage
          Neurotoxicology, Volume 1:221-237, 1979
          Do notice that date. 1979! Then in 1986, in a presentation by the National Academy of
          Sciences, Congress learned that fragrances should be tested for neurotoxicity.
          That has yet to happen. It's the people -- users AND secondhand users, including developing
          fetuses -- who have had to pay a supreme price, while industry continues to unleash its
          unregulated products upon an unsuspecting or worse, mollified, public. Our Congress and
          goverment agencies charged with protecting public health continue to ignore our pleas and.
          documentation. Outragious! -- barb
          http://www.chem-tox.com/pregnancy/perfume.htm

           

      • Epidemiological studies of neurotoxic, reproductive, and
        carcinogenic effects of complex mixtures
        Author Shy-CM ; Volume: Pages 101 Suppl 4: 183-6 ; Year 1993
        http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1993/Suppl-4/shy-abs.html

        Or for members, the full article at
        http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/members/1993/Suppl-4/shy-full.html

         

      • Neurobehavioral toxicity.
        Bailus Walker, PhD, MPH; Washington, DC
        [Abstract in JAMA; (J Natl Med Assoc. 2000;92:116-124)]
        "A growing number of agents are known to perturb one or more of the interconnected
        processes of the central nervous system. At the same time, there is an increase in
        the incidence of neurobehavioral disorders that are confronting clinicians with baffling
        symptoms and presentations that seem uncommon. Fundamental to the assessment of
        the environmental-relatedness of the syndromes is a work and exposure history,
        including information different from that routinely obtained in the clinical setting.
        Exposure examples are described to suggest the scope of inquiry necessary to
        differentiate neurotoxic syndromes from nonneurotoxic illness."

      • Neurogenic Inflammation and Sensitivity to Environmental Chemicals
        Environmental Health Perspectives, Volume 101, Number 3, August 1993 (Abstract)
        By William J. Meggs
        Department of Emergency Medicine, East Carolina University School of Medicine, Greenville, NC 27858 USA
        http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1993/101-3/meggs.html

         

      • Neurogenic Switching: A Hypothesis for a Mechanism for Shifting the Site of Inflammation in Allergy and Chemical Sensitivity Environmental Health Perspectives, Volume 103, Number 1, January 1995
        William J. Meggs
        Department of Emergency Medicine, East Carolina University School of Medicine,
        Greenville, NC 27858 USA and New York City Poison Center, New York, NY 10016 USA
        http://www.herc.org/news/mcsarticles/meggs2-full.htm

         

      • Neurological Disease, ChronicIllNet
        http://www.chronicillnet.org/neuro/default.htm

      • Neuroma Pain



      • Neuroscience and Behavioral Health Program
        http://www2.nas.edu/nbh/

      • Neurotoxic / Neurotoxicity
      • Neurotoxicology
        • Neurotoxicology, neurobehavioral toxicology, neuropsychology, expert testimony
          Raymond Singer, Ph.D
          36 Alondra Road
          Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA 87505
          Phone: (505) 466-1100
          Fax: (505) 466-1101 / E-Fax: (209) 879-5159
          E-mail: raysinger@aol.com

          New York office: 180 E. 79th Street / Suite 1-C / New York, N.Y. / 10021
          http://members.aol.com/neurosite/

      • Neurotoxins
        • Neurotoxin Concerns, Controversy Escalate
          By Elizabeth Pennisi
          The Scientist 4[3]:1, Feb. 05, 1990
          "Scientists are realizing that substances in the environment
          can have devastating effects on the human nervous system"
          "... Those substances are everywhere: organic solvents
          in the workplace, chemicals in perfumes, pesticides used on
          lawns, natural and added chemicals in foods, or prescribed or
          illegal drugs. The brain is the body's kingpyn organ; yet,
          once damaged or destroyed, nerve cells cannot be replaced.
          Already, the congressional Office of Technology Assessment
          (OTA) estimates that the care and treatment of neurological
          disorders and accompanying loss of productivity can cost the
          U.S. as much as $300 billion a year. No one knows how much
          neurotoxins contribute to that cost. The longer we live, the
          more evident the damage, and the more burdened the health care
          system will become to people with behavioral, mental, and
          neurological problems. "The measure of the problem is huge,"
          says Spencer. {Peter Spencer, director and senior scientist at
          the Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental
          Toxicology at the Oregon Health Sciences University in Portland} ..."
          http://www.the-scientist.com/yr1990/feb/pennisi_p1_900205.html

          or http://web.archive.org/web/20011127122459/http://www.the-scientist.com/yr1990/feb/pennisi_p1_900205.html

           

        • Neurotoxins: At Home and the Workplace
          (Report by the Committee on Science and Technology.
          U.S. House of Representatives, Sept. 16, 1986) [Report 99-827]
          From Julia Kendall's "Making Sense of Scents
          http://ehnca.org/ehnmsofs.htm
            "In 1986, the National Academy of Sciences targeted fragrances as one of the six
            categories of chemicals that should be given high priority for neurotoxicity testing. The
            other groups include insecticides, heavy metals, solvents, food additives and certain
            air pollutants. The report states that 95 percent of chemicals used in fragrances are
            synthetic compounds derived from petroleum. They include benzene derivatives,
            aldehydes, and many other known toxics and sensitizers, which are capable of causing
            cancer, birth defects, central nervous system disorders and allergic reactions. "

          To check chemicals for yourself, visit Perfumers World.
          Note right-hand column: Aroma Chemicals 70% - 100% -- barb
          http://www.perfumersworld.com/chems/material.htm

           

        • report:Neurotoxins: At Home and the Workplace
          Testimony before the 99th US Congress, 1986 Keyed in by barb, typos may happen.
          Check that date folks!!! BTW, I've not been able to find this entire document online,
          but it was made available to me by Julia Kendall and it is available through the UC Berkeley
          Library. I will key in footnotes, only where they are important in explaining something. -- barb
          From page 4, middle:
            "Modern neurotoxins are of surprising variety and potency. Solvents found in both
            consumer and industryal products, such as toluene and vinyl chloride, are not only
            nuerotoxic, but can be addictive and induce intentional drug abuse. Methylene chloride
            -- an excellent solvent and paint stripper -- breaks down in the body into carbon
            monoxide, a potent indirect neurotoxin. Ironically, methylene chloride is now widely
            used in aerosols as a substitute for fluorocarbons that were suspected of damaging
            the earth's ozone layer. (20)"

            "(20) - On December 18, 1985, the Food and Drug Administration published in the
            Federal Register a proposed rule banning methylene chloride in aerosol cosmetic
            products, but allowing its use to make decaffeinated coffee. See 50 F.R. 51551."

          From page 5, top:

            "Musk AETT(23) and Musk ambrette, two tested raw materials of the hundreds of
            untested chemicals used in fragrances and flavors have demonstrated potent neurotoxic
            effects and the capacity to induce the breakdown of nerve cells and myelin sheath in
            the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves. Countless other substances applied
            daily to the skin of consumers in the form of soaps, perfumes, aftershaves, and
            detergents have yet to be tested for their chronic neurotoxic effects.

            "In all, there are 850 known neurotoxic chemicals. Regulatory standards exist or have
            been recommended for only 167 of these

            "(23) - AETT is acetyl ethyl tetramethyl tetralin"
            The other notes make sense only if you have the document before you so I've not included them. -- barb

          From page 9, middle

            "Mr. Volkmer *** [I]t appears from your testimony that most of the physicians out there
            [who] would normally be treating people who are getting sick and coming in are not
            really trained to make a dertermination as to the neurotoxic effects of chemicals or
            any other compounds; is that correct?"
               *   *   *
            "Dr. Spencer. There are remarkably few individuals who have toxicology training in medicine
            and who are sensitized to the possible problem of neurological effects, behavioral effects,
            psychiatric effects resulting from occupational exposure.             They are well aware that this
            can occur as the side effects of drugs, but they, for some reason, don't put two and two
            together, nor do they ask searching questions about exposure history, chemical
            exposure history, when a patient turns up in their office.

            "The astute pjysician may, indeed ask what the occupation is and the more astute physician
            will go in perhaps and find out exactly what the individual was exposed to, but, by and large,
            physicians are not trained to search the history in the way that they should." ...

          From page 13, starting near top

            "Several witnesses at the hearing testified as to the need to coordinate health research
            efforts among and within government agencyes Some agencies, like the National
            Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), the National Institute of
            Neurological and Communicative and Stroke (NINCS), and the National Institute of
            Aging (NIA) have expressed special concern regarding the relationship between
            neurotoxic exposure and disease. Yet, other agencies, such as the FDA, are, according
            to Dr. Spencer, 'reluctant' to take the subject of neurotoxins seriously

            " Dr. Spencer illustrated this point through the story of the cosmetic AETT. In that case,
            industry scientists, assisted by Dr. Spencer, demonstrated that this fragrance compound
            was, in fact, neurotoxic. Industry took the test results to FDA and voluntarily
            withdreww AETT from the market. However, as Dr. Spencer testified ' ... it is significant,
            I think, that FDA, as far as I'm aware, choose [sic] not to regulate on that particular
            compound, so it can be introduced at any future time.'

            "Finally, the witnesses on health effects were asked by Chairman Volkmer to prioritize
            those chemicals which should be examined for neurotoxicity:

              DR. WEISS I think the dominant chemicals would be heavy metals, solvents, and allied
              chemical classes, insecticides, and I think, important but neglected, food additives. ... Also, certain
              air pollutants.
                 *   *   *
              DR. SPENCER. I would support what Dr. Weiss has said. I wouldn't be so restrictive
              perhaps a [sic] to say insecticides, perhaps pesticides and fungicides, a broader category.

              "I would also add, because of my experience with regard to fragrance raw materials, that I
              strongly suspect the American public would like to know what is applied to their skin voluntarily,
              and I suspect that they would be very troubled to learn that for 50 and 30 years
              respectively agents have been applied to skin voluntarily, often under the guise that they
              are in fact improving their skin quality, but are able to penetrate skin, and a recent
              experiment with animals caused devastating changes in the pervious system. So I would
              like to add fragrance raw materials, some of which are food additives as well, to the
              list that Dr. Weiss offered. (Emphasis added.)"

            From page 14, starting near top
              "The testimony regarding the status of research into and understanding of the effects
              of neurotoxins was summarized by Dr. Spencer:
                "In summary, chemical substances with neurotoxic potential are legion. The
                majority of neurotoxic disease probably results from the side effects of therapeutic an abused
                drugs, including alcohol, although numerous exampls of enviornmental espidemics, industrial
                accidents, and ill-advised consumpton of purified chemicls have caused large numbers of
                individuals to develop overt neurological deficits.                 These probably represent the tip of
                the iceberg since more subtle neurotoxic changes go unrecognized.

                "We are ignorant of long-term effects of substances with neurotoxic potential added to food,
                present in skin care producs or used in the workplace.                 (Emphasis added.)"

                 

              There is ever so much more in this document! Words cannot describe how I feel about this
              report having been ignored. Industry money not only talks, it yells! -- barb


          1. Neurotoxins in the Food, Water and Environment
            Leading Edge International Research Group
            Infinite Gratitude Toward All Things Past,
            Service to All Things Present,
            and Responsibility to All Things Future :
            http://www.trufax.org
            http://www.trufax.org/menu/chem.html

            <

          2. Perfume and Neurological Effects
            A couple of abstracts concerning musk are in this list. -- barb
            http://www.herc.org/news/perfume/abstract2.htm

             

          3. PRINCIPLES AND METHODS FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF NEUROTOXICITY
            ASSOCIATED WITH EXPOSURE TO CHEMICALS
            INTERNATIONAL PREGRAMME ON CHEMICAL SAFETY
            ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA 60
            World Health Organization; Geneva, 1986
            http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc060.htm

         

      • <PubMed
        http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?CMD=search&DB=PubMed

         

        • 1: Arch Environ Health. 1998 Mar-Apr;53(2):138-46.
          Acute toxic effects of fragrance products.
          Anderson RC, Anderson JH.
          Anderson Laboratories, Inc., West Hartford, Vermont, USA.
          "... Neurotoxicity was more severe after mice were repeatedly exposed to the fragrance
          products. Evaluation of one of the test atmospheres with gas chromatography/mass
          spectrometry revealed the presence of chemicals for which irritant and neurotoxic
          properties had been documented previously. In summary, some fragrance products
          emitted chemicals that caused a variety of acute toxicities in mice.
          http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9577937&dopt=Abstract

           

        • : Food Chem Toxicol. 1990 Jan;28(1):55-61. 90-day dermal toxicity study and neurotoxicity evaluation of nitromusks
          in the albino rat.
          Ford RA, Api AM, Newberne PM. Research Institute for Fragrance Materials, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632.
          "Musk ketone, musk xylene, musk tibetene and moskene, synthetic musks used in
          fragrances, were applied dermally to rats in daily doses of 240 (musk ketone and musk
          xylene only), 75, 24 or 7.5 mg/kg body weight for 90 days. ... While musk ambrette
          was clearly neurotoxic and caused testicular atrophy, as had been previously
          reported, the other compounds tested caused neither effect. The only effects of
          application of these materials were some organ weight changes at the higher doses,
          but these were not associated with histopathological changes in any of the tissues.
          The no-effect levels were: musk ketone, 75 mg/kg for males and females; musk
          xylene, 75 mg/kg for males and 24 mg/kg for females; moskene, 24 mg/kg for
          males and 75 mg/kg (highest dose administered) for females; and musk tibetene,
          75 mg/kg (highest dose) for males and females."
          What if RIFM tested for adverse effects to user and non-uers upon inhalation or if
          musks adversely affect user or non-user via the direct pathway to the brain??? -- barb
          http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov:80/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2312014&dopt=Abstract

           

    • New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM)
      http://www.nejm.org

      • Mass Psychogenic Illness Attributed to Toxic Exposure at a High School
        Timothy F. Jones, Allen S. Craig, Debbie Hoy, Elaine W. Gunter,
        David L. Ashley, Dana B. Barr, John W. Brock, William Schaffner
        http://www.nejm.org/content/2000/0342/0002/0096.asp

      • Related Editorial by Simon Wessely, M.D. (UK)
        "Responding to Mass Psychogenic Illness"
        http://www.nejm.org/content/2000/0342/0002/0129.asp

        Who does the cry, "Mass Hysteria," best serve?
        All those in industry, business, government agencies, schools, et al., who don't want to
        be held culpable, those who make a buck selling products that are released to market with
        inadequte testing of the chemicals used, dismissive doctors who'd rather jot down a prescription
        for drugs (more synthetic chemicals), writers who make their bucks crying "Hysteria,"
        "Psychogenic illness" without delving into the whole story . . . and anyone who doesn't believe
        the adage, "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure."

        Stop and think for a minute about all the tens of thousands of chemicals released into commerce
        that have not been adequately tested for adverse effects on the respiratory system, the brain,
        other system organs, for long-term effects, nor for effects upon people at secondary and tertiary
        levels of exposures. Just think a minute about our trusting reliance upon modern synthetic
        drugs, fragrances, fertilizers, pesticides, disinfectants (classified as pesticides by the EPA),
        building materials, paints, carpets, mattresses . . . the list of products capable of making you or
        your children chronically ill, disabled or prematurely dead is seemingly endless. But then, so too
        is the list of chemicals used without adequate testing and no clue as to systemic or long-term
        effects. And now we are back to culpability and those culpable worry about an outflow of cash,
        (not that any dollar amount can buy back health) and that often leads to the cry, HYSTERIA.

        There are safer products. There are good fragrance-free products (watch out here, though, as the
        FDA allows scents to be used to cover other objectionable odors and still carry the label
        "fragrance-free"). There are safer ways to clean, to care for one's personal grooming. There are
        safer, synthetic pesticide-free ways to control pests -- indoors and out. There are safer ways to
        build. There are low-emitting VOC (volatile organic compound) carpets, adhesives and paints
        available. There is a market of safer products out there . . . we the consumer must be savy enough
        to support them. Only then will industry get the message. And once industry gets the
        message, maybe we can help not only ourselves and our progeny, but our fish and wildlife
        downstream who now are suffering because of our chemicals that cannot be cleaned out in our
        wastewater treatment practices. -- barb

      • Spinoff stories:

         

      • Now for what really happened at that high school!
        (Use the following info in "In Opposition to Journalistic Errors" to educate your local media.
        Also write to the papers carrying the NEJM article without doing the requisite testing.)


       


    New York Online Access to Health (NOAH)
    http://www.noah.cuny.edu/about.html

     

    New York Universiity - NYU NIEHS Center
    http://charlotte.med.nyu.edu/outreach/


    Neways Products - Shelley Kramer
    Information About How to Have Beautiful Skin, a Healthy Life, by Using Safe,
    Effective, Alternative, Natural and Homeopathetic Personal Hygiene, Nutritional and
    Beauty Products from Neways International
    - NO Harmful cHEMICALS, carcinogens OR TOXINS!
    http://www.healthy-communications.com/newaysinformationpage.html


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    • Barb Wilkie's EHN Website, last updated 2008. For more current information, please go to EHN's main site.